Anticipando el deterioro de la salud mental en el Ecuador
Resumen
The pandemic of COVID-19 has unsettled every aspect of our functional society. Its consequences are still waiting to be fully appreciated since, after more than a year of the pandemic declaration in March 2020, we are still facing its raging impact. From the plethora of complications related with COVID-19, the non-pharmaceutical approaches that have became the cornerstone of pandemic management, have set the ground for a potential wave of mental health illness. Ecuador is in a particular position to rise this discussion considering that it is one of the Latinamerican countries most affected by the pandemic as shown by the huge excess in mortality registered in 2020. Moreover, with lack of actual mental health policies, well-connected infrastructure, or a monitoring program, we argue that the epidemiology of mental health should be highlighted for either a reinvention of its current approaches or to allocate resources to offer attention to a population that might be heavily affected by psychological disorders.
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Citas
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2. Dowd JB, Andriano L, Brazel DM, Rotondi V, Block P, Ding X, et al. Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117:9696–9698.
3. Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:510–512.
4. Cuéllar L, Torres I, Romero-Severson E, Mahesh R, Ortega N, Pungitore S, et al. Excess deaths reveal the true spatial, temporal, and demographic impact of COVID-19 on mortality in Ecuador. Pre-print. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3785993.
5. Torres I, Sippy R, Sacoto F. Assessing critical gaps in COVID-19 testing capacity: the case of delayed results in Ecuador. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1–8.
6. Romero-Álvarez D, Peterson AT, Escobar LE. Fatiga de vigilancia (fatigatio vigilantiae) durante epidemias. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2017;34:289–290.
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8. Rossen LM, Branum AM, Ahmad FB, Sutton P, Anderson RN. Excess deaths associated with COVID-19, by age and race and ethnicity—United States, January 26–October 3, 2020. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:1522–1527.
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10. Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho A-R, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological impact of 2015 MERS outbreak on hopspital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;87:123–127.
11. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The burden of mental disorders in the region of the Americas, 2018. [Internet] Available: http://iris.paho.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/49578/9789275120286_eng.pdf?sequence=10&isAllowed=y
12. Paz C, Mascialino G, Adana-Díaz L, Rodríguez-Lorenzana A, Simbaña-Rivera K, Gómez-Barreno L, et al. Behavioral and sociodemographic predictors of anxiety and depression in patients under epidemiological surveillance for COVID-19 in Ecuador. PLoS One. 2020;15: e0240008.
13. Ortíz-Prado E, Simbaña K, Gómez L, Henriquez-Trujillo AR, Cornejo-Leon F, Vasconez E, et al. The disease burden of suicide in Ecuador, a 15years’ geodemographic cross-sectional study (2001-2015). BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:1–11.
14. Gerstner RM, Lara-Lara F, Vasconez E, Viscor G, Jarrin JD, Ortíz-Prado E. Earthquake-related stressors associated with suicidality, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress in adolescents from Muisne after the earthquake 2016 in Ecuador. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20: 1–9.
15. World Heatlh Organization. Mental Health Atlas 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2018. [Internet] Available: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272735/9789241514019-eng.pdf?ua=1
16. Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. Informe sobre el sistema de salud mental en el Ecuador [Internet]. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2008. [Internet] Available: http://www.who.int/mental_health/ecuador_who_aims_report.pdf
17. Paz C, Mascialino G, Adana-Díaz L, Rodríguez-Lorenzana A, Simbaña-Rivera K, Gómez-Barreno L, et al. Anxiety and depression in patients with confirmed and suspected COVID-19 in Ecuador. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020;74:554–555.
18. Gesi C, Carmassi C, Cerveri G, Carpita B, Cremone IM, Dell’Osso L. Complicated grief: what to expect after the coronavirus pandemic. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:489.
19. Rubin SS, Malkinson R, Witztum E. Traumatic bereavements: rebalancing the relationship to the deceased and the death story using the two-track model of bereavement. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:905.
20. Antiporta DA, Bruni A. Emerging mental health challenges, strategies and opportunities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from South American decision-makers. Pan Am. J. Public Health. 2020; 44:e154.
2. Dowd JB, Andriano L, Brazel DM, Rotondi V, Block P, Ding X, et al. Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117:9696–9698.
3. Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:510–512.
4. Cuéllar L, Torres I, Romero-Severson E, Mahesh R, Ortega N, Pungitore S, et al. Excess deaths reveal the true spatial, temporal, and demographic impact of COVID-19 on mortality in Ecuador. Pre-print. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3785993.
5. Torres I, Sippy R, Sacoto F. Assessing critical gaps in COVID-19 testing capacity: the case of delayed results in Ecuador. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1–8.
6. Romero-Álvarez D, Peterson AT, Escobar LE. Fatiga de vigilancia (fatigatio vigilantiae) durante epidemias. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2017;34:289–290.
7. Mwananyanda L, Gill CJ, MacLeod W, Kwenda G, Pieciak R, Mupila Z, et al. Covid-19 deaths in Africa: prospective systematic postmortem surveillance study. BMJ. 2021;372:9–13.
8. Rossen LM, Branum AM, Ahmad FB, Sutton P, Anderson RN. Excess deaths associated with COVID-19, by age and race and ethnicity—United States, January 26–October 3, 2020. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:1522–1527.
9. Medina F. Fiscalía investiga el manejo de los cadáveres en los hospitales. El Comercio. 2020. [Internet] Available at: https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/seguridad/fiscalia-investigacion-manejo-cadaveres-hospitales.html
10. Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho A-R, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological impact of 2015 MERS outbreak on hopspital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Compr Psychiatry. 2018;87:123–127.
11. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The burden of mental disorders in the region of the Americas, 2018. [Internet] Available: http://iris.paho.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/49578/9789275120286_eng.pdf?sequence=10&isAllowed=y
12. Paz C, Mascialino G, Adana-Díaz L, Rodríguez-Lorenzana A, Simbaña-Rivera K, Gómez-Barreno L, et al. Behavioral and sociodemographic predictors of anxiety and depression in patients under epidemiological surveillance for COVID-19 in Ecuador. PLoS One. 2020;15: e0240008.
13. Ortíz-Prado E, Simbaña K, Gómez L, Henriquez-Trujillo AR, Cornejo-Leon F, Vasconez E, et al. The disease burden of suicide in Ecuador, a 15years’ geodemographic cross-sectional study (2001-2015). BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:1–11.
14. Gerstner RM, Lara-Lara F, Vasconez E, Viscor G, Jarrin JD, Ortíz-Prado E. Earthquake-related stressors associated with suicidality, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress in adolescents from Muisne after the earthquake 2016 in Ecuador. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20: 1–9.
15. World Heatlh Organization. Mental Health Atlas 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2018. [Internet] Available: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272735/9789241514019-eng.pdf?ua=1
16. Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. Informe sobre el sistema de salud mental en el Ecuador [Internet]. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2008. [Internet] Available: http://www.who.int/mental_health/ecuador_who_aims_report.pdf
17. Paz C, Mascialino G, Adana-Díaz L, Rodríguez-Lorenzana A, Simbaña-Rivera K, Gómez-Barreno L, et al. Anxiety and depression in patients with confirmed and suspected COVID-19 in Ecuador. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020;74:554–555.
18. Gesi C, Carmassi C, Cerveri G, Carpita B, Cremone IM, Dell’Osso L. Complicated grief: what to expect after the coronavirus pandemic. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:489.
19. Rubin SS, Malkinson R, Witztum E. Traumatic bereavements: rebalancing the relationship to the deceased and the death story using the two-track model of bereavement. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:905.
20. Antiporta DA, Bruni A. Emerging mental health challenges, strategies and opportunities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from South American decision-makers. Pan Am. J. Public Health. 2020; 44:e154.
Publicado
2022-08-02
Cómo citar
1.
Garzon Chavez D, Romero Alvarez D, Garcés MS, Mena-Mena P. Anticipando el deterioro de la salud mental en el Ecuador. PFR [Internet]. 2 de agosto de 2022 [citado 21 de noviembre de 2024];7(2). Disponible en: https://practicafamiliarrural.org/index.php/pfr/article/view/237
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