Ergonomía en ambientes hospitalarios: avances y desafíos para el bienestar del personal de salud
Palabras clave:
Ergonomía, Enfermedades musculoesqueléticas, Salud ocupacional, Riesgos laborales
Resumen
La ergonomía en entornos hospitalarios se ha consolidado como un componente estratégico para proteger la salud del personal sanitario y mejorar la eficiencia operativa. Este artículo ofrece una revisión integral sobre los avances tecnológicos, rediseños espaciales y estrategias organizativas que buscan mitigar los riesgos ergonómicos comunes, como la movilización manual de pacientes, posturas forzadas, trabajo de pie prolongado y manipulación de cargas. Se destacan innovaciones como grúas móviles, camas automatizadas, sensores corporales y estaciones de trabajo ajustables, cuya implementación ha mostrado reducciones significativas en trastornos musculoesqueléticos y ausentismo laboral. Además, el diseño del entorno físico —cuando es participativo y centrado en el usuario— permite disminuir la carga física, mejorar la percepción de confort y prevenir errores clínicos. La gestión del riesgo, apoyada en herramientas como la Evaluación Rápida del Cuerpo Completo, la Ecuación de Levantamiento del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional y el Índice de Movimiento y Asistencia de Pacientes Hospitalarios, se complementa con programas de rotación de tareas, pausas activas y capacitaciones prácticas en manejo postural. La evidencia muestra que estas intervenciones no solo benefician la salud física, sino también el clima organizacional, la motivación y la retención del talento humano. A futuro, la integración de inteligencia artificial, ergonomía digital y soluciones adaptativas permitirá personalizar aún más los entornos de trabajo, favoreciendo espacios hospitalarios seguros, sostenibles y centrados en las personas.
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Publicado
2025-07-31
Cómo citar
1.
Porras L, Pinos-Mora L. Ergonomía en ambientes hospitalarios: avances y desafíos para el bienestar del personal de salud. PFR [Internet]. 31 de julio de 2025 [citado 14 de agosto de 2025];10(2). Disponible en: https://practicafamiliarrural.org/index.php/pfr/article/view/383
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