Violence, Stress, and Compromised Health
Keywords:
violence, stress, health, allostatic load
Abstract
The increase in violence in countries such as Ecuador, where organized crime, drugs, human smuggling, and political venality produce daily eruptions, has measurable consequences for human health. The skyrocketing homicide rate (from 7.7/100K in 2020 to 44.5 in 2023) (Statista 2024), along with increases in violent robberies, kidnapping, carjacking, and sexual assault, mean direct experiences with harm or death. Since 2021, over ten states of exception, and the existence of an “internal armed conflict,” have been declared in Ecuador.
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References
ACAPS (2024). ECUADOR: Increased violence amid internal armed conflict leads to protection concerns, ACAPS.
Austin, A. (2023). Why Have Ecuador's Drug Trafficking Gangs Turned to Extortion?, InSight Crime.
Forde, A. T., et al. (2019). "The weathering hypothesis as an explanation for racial disparities in health: a systematic review." Annals of Epidemiology 33: 1-18.
Hernandez-Montoya, D., et al. (2022). "Undiagnosed prediabetes in Mexican adolescents under poverty in contexts affected by collective violence: A clinical comparison among health services users and hidden population." Frontiers in Nutrition.
Litavec, H. and R. L. Basom (2023). "Incorporating a structural vulnerability framework into the forensic anthropology curriculum." Forensic Science International: Synergy 6.
McEwen, C. A. (2022). "Connecting the biology of stress, allostatic load and epigenetics to social structures and processes." Neurobiology of Stress 17: 1-8.
Statista (2024). Homicide rate in Ecuador from 2014 to 2023. Statista, Insight Crime.
Austin, A. (2023). Why Have Ecuador's Drug Trafficking Gangs Turned to Extortion?, InSight Crime.
Forde, A. T., et al. (2019). "The weathering hypothesis as an explanation for racial disparities in health: a systematic review." Annals of Epidemiology 33: 1-18.
Hernandez-Montoya, D., et al. (2022). "Undiagnosed prediabetes in Mexican adolescents under poverty in contexts affected by collective violence: A clinical comparison among health services users and hidden population." Frontiers in Nutrition.
Litavec, H. and R. L. Basom (2023). "Incorporating a structural vulnerability framework into the forensic anthropology curriculum." Forensic Science International: Synergy 6.
McEwen, C. A. (2022). "Connecting the biology of stress, allostatic load and epigenetics to social structures and processes." Neurobiology of Stress 17: 1-8.
Statista (2024). Homicide rate in Ecuador from 2014 to 2023. Statista, Insight Crime.
Published
2024-03-28
How to Cite
1.
Hutchins F. Violence, Stress, and Compromised Health. PFR [Internet]. 2024Mar.28 [cited 2025Apr.16];9(1). Available from: https://practicafamiliarrural.org/index.php/pfr/article/view/299
Section
Editorial
Copyright (c) 2024 Rural Family Practice
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
