Analysis of the cumulative incidence of arbovirosis in Ecuador: An Epidemiological Perspective from 2015 to 2019

Abstract

Introduction: This study describes the incidence of vector-borne diseases (ETVs) in Ecuador between 2015 and 2019, highlighting the role of integrated vector management. An ecological design of secondary epidemiological surveillance data and demographic records identifies a decreased trend in the incidence of arboviruses but with significant cantonal variability. Methodology: Based on data reported by the epidemiological surveillance system of the Ministry of Public Health, INEC records, and cartography from the Military Geographic Institute, the cumulative incidence adjusted for population and altitude was calculated, excluding areas above 1680 meters above sea level to minimize erroneous classifications. Results: A total of 113,474 cases of arboviruses were reported, with a reduction in incidence from 464.17 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2015 to 25.9 in 2019. Canton-level variability shows areas with persistently high rates of infection. Conclusions: Despite the general decrease in the incidence of ETVs, the variability of the results by canton highlights the complexity of managing these pathologies and the need for multidimensional strategies. Future research efforts should focus on a more detailed analysis of environmental and social determinants to improve prevention and control interventions, especially in areas with high infection rates.