Analysis of Child Malnutrition from the Prenatal Stage to Age 2 in the Communities of La Esperanza-Imbabura and Guamote-Chimborazo, 2020-2023.

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: This comparative study analyzes child malnutrition projects from the prenatal stage to 2 years of age in the communities of “Guamote” province of Chimborazo and “La Esperanza” province of Imbabura during the period 2020–2023, focusing on the demographics, socioeconomics, implementation strategies, and effectiveness of the programs.

Method: A mixed approach was applied, combining quantitative statistical and qualitative ethnographic data collected from the Unified and Universal Nominal Monitoring System and the National Survey on Child Malnutrition, analyzing indicators such as the percentage of children with low birth weight, prenatal care, anemia, water quality, breastfeeding, and health services.

Results: Child malnutrition in Chimborazo reached 35.1% in children under 2 years of age, while in Imbabura it was 16.2%, influenced by socioeconomic and cultural factors as well as the effectiveness of the implemented programs. Improvements were observed in child health indicators in both communities; however, Guamote showed greater challenges due to its economic situation and less access to health services.

Conclusions: The need to adapt interventions to local realities is highlighted to optimize the effectiveness of the programs. This analysis provides valuable lessons on the implementation of nutrition projects in rural areas, essential for designing relevant and sustainable public health policies, underscoring the importance of personalized strategies in the fight against child malnutrition in Ecuador.