Residuos tóxicos en leche materna: revisión de la literatura
Palabras clave:
lactancia materna, residuos pesticidas, pesticidas organoclorados, tóxicos ambientales
Resumen
Los pesticidas son productos químicos que se utilizan principalmente en la agricultura para proteger las plantas de plagas, malezas o enfermedades, y en los programas de protección de la salud pública para proteger a los seres humanos de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, como malaria, dengue y esquistosomiasis. El uso persistente y la exposición contribuyen a la contaminación del medio ambiente y del cuerpo humano. La bioacumulación de los plaguicidas organoclorados en el tejido adiposo desencadena la excreción en la leche materna durante la lactancia. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos originales escritos en español o inglés. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Medline, Science Direct y Epistemonikos. No se hicieron restricciones respecto al tipo de estudio. Por ser la leche humana el alimento idóneo para el neonato, es fundamental analizar los factores que determinan la presencia de residuos y contaminantes en la misma. El presente trabajo tiene la finalidad de permitir la comprensión de este importante tema, así como incentivar a la investigación clínica en el medio local debido a la incidencia de uso de mencionados productos y plantear intervenciones para evitar consecuencias en la salud pública.
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Citas
1. Pirsaheb M, Limoee M, Namdari F, Khamutian R. Organochlorine pesticides residue in breast milk: A systematic review. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2015;29(1).
2. EL-Saeid MH, Hassanin AS, Bazeyad AY. Levels of pesticide residues in breast milk and the associated risk assessment. Saudi J Biol Sci [Internet]. 2021;28(7):3741–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.062
3. Chen MW, Santos HM, Que DE, Gou YY, Tayo LL, Hsu YC, et al. Association between Organochlorine Pesticide Levels in Breast Milk and Their Effects on Female Reproduction in a Taiwanese Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2018 May 7 [cited 2022 Mar 20];15(5). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5981970/
4. Chávez-Almazán LA, Díaz-Ortiz JA, Saldarriaga-Noreña HA, Dávila-Vázquez G, Santiago-Moreno A, Rosas-Acevedo JL, et al. Análisis regional de la contaminación por plaguicidas organoclorados en leche humana en Guerrero, México. Rev Int Contam Ambient. 2018;34(2):225–35.
5. Al Antary TM, Alawi MA, Kiwan R, Haddad NA. Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Breast Milk in the Northern Governorates of Jordan in 2019/2020 Compared with the Results of 2015 Study. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol [Internet]. 2021;106(6):1071–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03191-x
6. Negatu B, Dugassa S, Mekonnen Y. Environmental and Health Risks of Pesticide Use in Ethiopia. J Heal Pollut. 2021;11(30):1–12.
7. Pinedo YC, Darío I, Martínez M, Alberto M, Eraso J. Plaguicidas organoclorados en leche pasteurizada. Investig en Ing [Internet]. 2015;11(2):66–72. Available from: https://revistas.unilibre.edu.co/index.php/avances/article/view/224/178
8. Witczak A, Pohoryło A, Abdel-Gawad H. Endocrine-disrupting organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk: Changes during lactation. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):1–19.
9. Al Antary TM, Alawi MA, Estityah H, Haddad N, Al-Antary ET. Chlorinated pesticide residues in human breast milk collected from southern Jordan in 2012/2013. Toxin Rev. 2015;34(4):190–4.
10. Hajjar MJ, Al-Salam A. Organochlorine pesticide residues in human milk and estimated daily intake (EDI) for the infants from eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2016;164:643–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.013
11. Jayaraj R, Megha P, Sreedev P. Review Article. Organochlorine pesticides, their toxic effects on living organisms and their fate in the environment. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2016;9(3–4):90–100.
12. Damalas CA, Eleftherohorinos IG. Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8(5):1402–19.
13. Rachmawati I, Hernawati S, Sulistyaningsih E. Risk Factors for Contamination of Pesticide Residues in Women ’ s Breast Milk Farmers in Agricultural Areas. Str J Ilm Kesehat. 2021;10(1):596–604.
14. Kuang L, Hou Y, Huang F, Hong H, Sun H, Deng W, et al. Pesticide residues in breast milk and the associated risk assessment: A review focused on China. Sci Total Environ [Internet]. 2020;727:138412. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138412
15. Kuang L, Hou Y, Huang F, Guo A, Deng W, Sun H, et al. Pesticides in human milk collected from Jinhua, China: Levels, influencing factors and health risk assessment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf [Internet]. 2020;205(September):111331. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111331
16. Mnif W, Ibn A, Hassine H, Bouaziz A, Bartegi A, Thomas O, et al. Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: A Review. OPEN ACCESS Int J Environ Res Public Heal [Internet]. 2011;8:2265–303. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
17. Souza RC, Portella RB, Almeida PVNB, Pinto CO, Gubert P, Santos da Silva JD, et al. Human milk contamination by nine organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs). J Environ Sci Heal - Part B Pestic Food Contam Agric Wastes [Internet]. 2020;55(6):530–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2020.1729630
18. Du J, Gridneva Z, Gay MCL, Lai CT, Trengove RD, Hartmann PE, et al. Longitudinal study of pesticide residue levels in human milk from Western Australia during 12 months of lactation: Exposure assessment for infants. Sci Rep. 2016;6(November):1–11.
19. Salama AK. Lactational Exposure to Pesticides: A Review. Toxicol Open Access. 2017;03(01):1–9.
20. Díaz-Gómez NM, Ares S, Hernández-Aguilar MT, Ortega-García JA, Paricio-Talayero JM, Landa-Rivera L. Contaminantes químicos y lactancia materna: tomando posiciones. An Pediatr. 2013;79(6).
2. EL-Saeid MH, Hassanin AS, Bazeyad AY. Levels of pesticide residues in breast milk and the associated risk assessment. Saudi J Biol Sci [Internet]. 2021;28(7):3741–4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.062
3. Chen MW, Santos HM, Que DE, Gou YY, Tayo LL, Hsu YC, et al. Association between Organochlorine Pesticide Levels in Breast Milk and Their Effects on Female Reproduction in a Taiwanese Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2018 May 7 [cited 2022 Mar 20];15(5). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5981970/
4. Chávez-Almazán LA, Díaz-Ortiz JA, Saldarriaga-Noreña HA, Dávila-Vázquez G, Santiago-Moreno A, Rosas-Acevedo JL, et al. Análisis regional de la contaminación por plaguicidas organoclorados en leche humana en Guerrero, México. Rev Int Contam Ambient. 2018;34(2):225–35.
5. Al Antary TM, Alawi MA, Kiwan R, Haddad NA. Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Breast Milk in the Northern Governorates of Jordan in 2019/2020 Compared with the Results of 2015 Study. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol [Internet]. 2021;106(6):1071–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03191-x
6. Negatu B, Dugassa S, Mekonnen Y. Environmental and Health Risks of Pesticide Use in Ethiopia. J Heal Pollut. 2021;11(30):1–12.
7. Pinedo YC, Darío I, Martínez M, Alberto M, Eraso J. Plaguicidas organoclorados en leche pasteurizada. Investig en Ing [Internet]. 2015;11(2):66–72. Available from: https://revistas.unilibre.edu.co/index.php/avances/article/view/224/178
8. Witczak A, Pohoryło A, Abdel-Gawad H. Endocrine-disrupting organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk: Changes during lactation. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):1–19.
9. Al Antary TM, Alawi MA, Estityah H, Haddad N, Al-Antary ET. Chlorinated pesticide residues in human breast milk collected from southern Jordan in 2012/2013. Toxin Rev. 2015;34(4):190–4.
10. Hajjar MJ, Al-Salam A. Organochlorine pesticide residues in human milk and estimated daily intake (EDI) for the infants from eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2016;164:643–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.013
11. Jayaraj R, Megha P, Sreedev P. Review Article. Organochlorine pesticides, their toxic effects on living organisms and their fate in the environment. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2016;9(3–4):90–100.
12. Damalas CA, Eleftherohorinos IG. Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8(5):1402–19.
13. Rachmawati I, Hernawati S, Sulistyaningsih E. Risk Factors for Contamination of Pesticide Residues in Women ’ s Breast Milk Farmers in Agricultural Areas. Str J Ilm Kesehat. 2021;10(1):596–604.
14. Kuang L, Hou Y, Huang F, Hong H, Sun H, Deng W, et al. Pesticide residues in breast milk and the associated risk assessment: A review focused on China. Sci Total Environ [Internet]. 2020;727:138412. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138412
15. Kuang L, Hou Y, Huang F, Guo A, Deng W, Sun H, et al. Pesticides in human milk collected from Jinhua, China: Levels, influencing factors and health risk assessment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf [Internet]. 2020;205(September):111331. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111331
16. Mnif W, Ibn A, Hassine H, Bouaziz A, Bartegi A, Thomas O, et al. Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: A Review. OPEN ACCESS Int J Environ Res Public Heal [Internet]. 2011;8:2265–303. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
17. Souza RC, Portella RB, Almeida PVNB, Pinto CO, Gubert P, Santos da Silva JD, et al. Human milk contamination by nine organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs). J Environ Sci Heal - Part B Pestic Food Contam Agric Wastes [Internet]. 2020;55(6):530–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2020.1729630
18. Du J, Gridneva Z, Gay MCL, Lai CT, Trengove RD, Hartmann PE, et al. Longitudinal study of pesticide residue levels in human milk from Western Australia during 12 months of lactation: Exposure assessment for infants. Sci Rep. 2016;6(November):1–11.
19. Salama AK. Lactational Exposure to Pesticides: A Review. Toxicol Open Access. 2017;03(01):1–9.
20. Díaz-Gómez NM, Ares S, Hernández-Aguilar MT, Ortega-García JA, Paricio-Talayero JM, Landa-Rivera L. Contaminantes químicos y lactancia materna: tomando posiciones. An Pediatr. 2013;79(6).
Publicado
2022-03-27
Cómo citar
1.
Chiliquinga Calderón E, Culqui Sánchez M. Residuos tóxicos en leche materna: revisión de la literatura. PFR [Internet]. 27 de marzo de 2022 [citado 21 de noviembre de 2024];7(1). Disponible en: https://practicafamiliarrural.org/index.php/pfr/article/view/232
Sección
Artículos de revisión
