Reinfección por SARS-CoV-2, ¿Qué conocemos hasta el momento?
Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, reinfección, recurrencia
Resumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 sigue azotando al mundo, cada vez es más común escuchar casos de pacientes que vuelven a contagiarse o tienen recaídas. La causa de muchos de estos casos no es segura pero la información disponible apunta a que al menos una porción es debido a reinfección de SARS-CoV-2. Varios casos de reinfección confirmada mediante análisis genéticos demuestran que la reinfección de SARS-CoV-2 es posible, aunque por el momento es un fenómeno poco documentado, con menos de 30 reportes de casos genéticamente confirmados. A futuro las autoridades sanitarias deben tomar en cuenta la posibilidad de este evento para la toma de decisiones respecto a vacunas y políticas de prevención, mitigación y contención del virus.
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9. Centre for Disease Prevention. Guidance for discharge and ending isolation in the context of widespread community transmission of COVID-19-first update Scope of this document. Eur Cent Dis Prev. 2020;(April):1–8.
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11. Gousseff M, Penot P, Gallay L, Batisse D, Benech N, Bouiller K, et al. Clinical recurrences of COVID-19 symptoms after recovery: Viral relapse, reinfection or inflammatory rebound? Vol. 0, Journal of Infection. Elsevier BV; 2020.
12. Duggan NM, Ludy SM, Shannon BC, Reisner AT, Wilcox SR. Is novel coronavirus 2019 reinfection possible? Interpreting dynamic SARS-CoV-2 test results through a case report. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;0(0).
13. Ledford H. Coronavirus reinfections: three questions scientists are asking. Vol. 585, Nature. 2020. p. 168–9.
14. Glenza J. US reinfection case raises question: how long does Covid immunity last? [Internet]. The Guardian. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/17/nevada-reinfection-case-highlights-mysteries-covid-19
15. CGTN. Ecuador confirms first case of COVID-19 reinfection - CGTN [Internet]. CGTN. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. Available from: https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-08-30/Ecuador-confirms-first-case-of-COVID-19-reinfection-Tn8RnpNU40/index.html
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18. Chen D, Xu W, Lei Z, Huang Z, Liu J, Gao Z, et al. Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: A case report. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 1;93:297–9.
19. Tomassini S, Kotecha D, Bird PW, Folwell A, Biju S, Tang JW. Setting the criteria for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection – six possible cases. Vol. 0, Journal of Infection. W.B. Saunders Ltd; 2020.
20. Xing Y, Mo P, Xiao Y, Zhao O, Zhang Y, Wang F. Post-discharge surveillance and positive virus detection in two medical staff recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), China, January to February 2020. Vol. 25, Eurosurveillance. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC); 2020. p. 2000191.
21. To KK-W, Hung IF-N, Ip JD, Chu AW-H, Chan W-M, Tam AR, et al. COVID-19 re-infection by a phylogenetically distinct SARS-coronavirus-2 strain confirmed by whole genome sequencing. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;
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23. Loconsole D, Passerini F, Palmieri VO, Centrone F, Sallustio A, Pugliese S, et al. Recurrence of COVID-19 after recovery: a case report from Italy. Vol. 1, Infection. Springer; 2020. p. 3.
24. Ravioli S, Ochsner H, Lindner G. Reactivation of COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of two cases. Vol. 81, Journal of Infection. W.B. Saunders Ltd; 2020. p. e72–3.
25. Ye G, Pan Z, Pan Y, Deng Q, Chen L, Li J, et al. Clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reactivation. J Infect. 2020 May 1;80(5):e14–7.
26. Prado-Vivar B, Becerra-Wong M, Guadalupe JJ, Marquez S, Gutierrez B, Rojas-Silva P, et al. COVID-19 Re-Infection by a Phylogenetically Distinct SARS-CoV-2 Variant, First Confirmed Event in South America. SSRN Electron J. 2020 Sep 3;
27. Tillett R, Sevinsky J, Hartley P, Kerwin H, Crawford N, Gorzalski A, et al. Genomic Evidence for a Case of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. SSRN Electron J. 2020 Aug 25;1–13.
28. Li J, Zhang L, Liu B, Song D. Case Report: Viral shedding for 60 days in a woman with COVID-19. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Jun 1;102(6):1210–3.
29. Alvarez-Moreno CA, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Testing Dilemmas: Post negative, positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR – is it a reinfection? Vol. 35, Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. Elsevier USA; 2020. p. 101743.
30. Goldman JD, Wang K, Roltgen K, Nielsen SCA, Roach JC, Naccache SN, et al. Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and Failure of Humoral Immunity: a case report. medRxiv Prepr Serv Heal Sci. 2020;
31. Van Elslande J, Vermeersch P, Vandervoort K, Wawina-Bokalanga T, Vanmechelen B, Wollants E, et al. Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 reinfection by a phylogenetically distinct strain. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;
32. Larson D, Brodniak SL, Voegtly LJ, Cer RZ, Glang LA, Malagon FJ, et al. A Case of Early Reinfection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 19;
33. Raddad LJA, Chemaitelly H, Ayoub HH, Al Kanaani Z, Al Khal A, Al Kuwari E, et al. Assessment of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in an intense re-exposure setting. medRxiv. 2020 Sep 28;2020.08.24.20179457.
34. Gupta V, Bhoyar RC, Jain A, Srivastava S, Upadhayay R, Imran M, et al. Asymptomatic Reinfection in 2 Healthcare Workers From India With Genetically Distinct Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;1–8.
35. Radhakrishnan V, Gangopadhyay D. Repeat-positive SARS-CoV-2 in a child with cancer. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2020.
36. Lago LP, Suárez González J, Serrano SJ, García González N, Candelas FG, Laperche CM, et al. A complete analysis of the epidemiological scenario around a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: previous infection events and subsequent transmission. Res Sq. 2020;
37. Mulder M, van der Vegt DSJM, Oude Munnink BB, GeurtsvanKessel CH, van de Bovenkamp J, Sikkema RS, et al. Reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised patient: a case report. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Oct 9;
38. Shastri J, Parikh S, Agarwal S, Chatterjee N, Pathak M, Sharma C, et al. Whole Genome Sequencing Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections Among Healthcare Workers in India with Increased Severity in the Second Episode. SSRN Electron J. 2020 Sep 22;
39. Hoang VT, Dao TL, Gautret P. Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 in patients recovered from COVID-19. Vol. 92, Journal of Medical Virology. John Wiley and Sons Inc.; 2020. p. 2366–7.
40. Zhou W, Xu X, Chang Z, Wang H, Zhong X, Tong X, et al. The dynamic changes of serum IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020 Jul 24;jmv.26353.
41. Iwasaki A. What reinfections mean for COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Oct;0(0).
42. Dearlove B, Lewitus E, Bai H, Li Y, Reeves DB, Joyce MG, et al. A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate would likely match all currently circulating variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Sep 22;117(38):23652–62.
43. Lee WS, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, DeKosky BJ. Antibody-dependent enhancement and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies. Nat Microbiol. 2020 Oct 1;5(10):1185–91.
2. ECDC. COVID-19: Cases increasing across Europe [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/news-events/covid-19-cases-increasing-across-europe
3. WHO Regional Office for Europe. COVID-19 weekly surveillance report [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/weekly-surveillance-report
4. World Health Organization. Cumulative Cases Report [Internet]. Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. Available from: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/cumulative-cases
5. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Discontinuation of Isolation for Persons with COVID-19 Not in Healthcare Settings [Internet]. Discontinuation of Isolation for Persons with COVID-19 Not in Healthcare Settings. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. p. 1–4. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/disposition-in-home-patients.html
6. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Discontinuation of Transmission-Based Precautions and Disposition of Patients with COVID-19 in Healthcare Settings ( Interim Guidance ) [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/disposition-hospitalized-patients.html
7. (KDCA) KDC and PA. Patient Treatment & Management [Internet]. Coronavirus Disease-19, Republic of Korea. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. Available from: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/en/baroView.do?brdId=11&brdGubun=112&dataGubun=&ncvContSeq=&contSeq=&board_id=&gubun= 8. World Health Organization. Criteria for releasing COVID-19 patients from isolation. Sci Br. 2020 Jul 17;(17 June):1–5.
9. Centre for Disease Prevention. Guidance for discharge and ending isolation in the context of widespread community transmission of COVID-19-first update Scope of this document. Eur Cent Dis Prev. 2020;(April):1–8.
10. Kang H, Wang Y, Tong Z, Liu X. Retest positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA of “recovered” patients with COVID-19: Persistence, sampling issues, or re-infection? Journal of Medical Virology. John Wiley and Sons Inc.; 2020. p. jmv.26114.
11. Gousseff M, Penot P, Gallay L, Batisse D, Benech N, Bouiller K, et al. Clinical recurrences of COVID-19 symptoms after recovery: Viral relapse, reinfection or inflammatory rebound? Vol. 0, Journal of Infection. Elsevier BV; 2020.
12. Duggan NM, Ludy SM, Shannon BC, Reisner AT, Wilcox SR. Is novel coronavirus 2019 reinfection possible? Interpreting dynamic SARS-CoV-2 test results through a case report. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;0(0).
13. Ledford H. Coronavirus reinfections: three questions scientists are asking. Vol. 585, Nature. 2020. p. 168–9.
14. Glenza J. US reinfection case raises question: how long does Covid immunity last? [Internet]. The Guardian. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/17/nevada-reinfection-case-highlights-mysteries-covid-19
15. CGTN. Ecuador confirms first case of COVID-19 reinfection - CGTN [Internet]. CGTN. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. Available from: https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-08-30/Ecuador-confirms-first-case-of-COVID-19-reinfection-Tn8RnpNU40/index.html
16. Layla Aerts, Ku Leuven. Also reinfections in the Netherlands and Belgium | NOS [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 18]. Available from: https://nos.nl/artikel/2345309-ook-herbesmettingen-in-nederland-en-belgie.html
17. KDCA. Findingsfrominvestigationandanalysisofre-positivecases | Press Release | News Room : KDCA [Internet]. KDCA News Room. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 19]. Available from: https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030
18. Chen D, Xu W, Lei Z, Huang Z, Liu J, Gao Z, et al. Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: A case report. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 1;93:297–9.
19. Tomassini S, Kotecha D, Bird PW, Folwell A, Biju S, Tang JW. Setting the criteria for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection – six possible cases. Vol. 0, Journal of Infection. W.B. Saunders Ltd; 2020.
20. Xing Y, Mo P, Xiao Y, Zhao O, Zhang Y, Wang F. Post-discharge surveillance and positive virus detection in two medical staff recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), China, January to February 2020. Vol. 25, Eurosurveillance. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC); 2020. p. 2000191.
21. To KK-W, Hung IF-N, Ip JD, Chu AW-H, Chan W-M, Tam AR, et al. COVID-19 re-infection by a phylogenetically distinct SARS-coronavirus-2 strain confirmed by whole genome sequencing. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;
22. Lan L, Xu D, Ye G, Xia C, Wang S, Li Y, et al. Positive RT-PCR Test Results in Patients Recovered from COVID-19. Vol. 323, JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. American Medical Association; 2020. p. 1502–3.
23. Loconsole D, Passerini F, Palmieri VO, Centrone F, Sallustio A, Pugliese S, et al. Recurrence of COVID-19 after recovery: a case report from Italy. Vol. 1, Infection. Springer; 2020. p. 3.
24. Ravioli S, Ochsner H, Lindner G. Reactivation of COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of two cases. Vol. 81, Journal of Infection. W.B. Saunders Ltd; 2020. p. e72–3.
25. Ye G, Pan Z, Pan Y, Deng Q, Chen L, Li J, et al. Clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reactivation. J Infect. 2020 May 1;80(5):e14–7.
26. Prado-Vivar B, Becerra-Wong M, Guadalupe JJ, Marquez S, Gutierrez B, Rojas-Silva P, et al. COVID-19 Re-Infection by a Phylogenetically Distinct SARS-CoV-2 Variant, First Confirmed Event in South America. SSRN Electron J. 2020 Sep 3;
27. Tillett R, Sevinsky J, Hartley P, Kerwin H, Crawford N, Gorzalski A, et al. Genomic Evidence for a Case of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. SSRN Electron J. 2020 Aug 25;1–13.
28. Li J, Zhang L, Liu B, Song D. Case Report: Viral shedding for 60 days in a woman with COVID-19. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Jun 1;102(6):1210–3.
29. Alvarez-Moreno CA, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Testing Dilemmas: Post negative, positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR – is it a reinfection? Vol. 35, Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. Elsevier USA; 2020. p. 101743.
30. Goldman JD, Wang K, Roltgen K, Nielsen SCA, Roach JC, Naccache SN, et al. Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and Failure of Humoral Immunity: a case report. medRxiv Prepr Serv Heal Sci. 2020;
31. Van Elslande J, Vermeersch P, Vandervoort K, Wawina-Bokalanga T, Vanmechelen B, Wollants E, et al. Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 reinfection by a phylogenetically distinct strain. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;
32. Larson D, Brodniak SL, Voegtly LJ, Cer RZ, Glang LA, Malagon FJ, et al. A Case of Early Reinfection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 19;
33. Raddad LJA, Chemaitelly H, Ayoub HH, Al Kanaani Z, Al Khal A, Al Kuwari E, et al. Assessment of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in an intense re-exposure setting. medRxiv. 2020 Sep 28;2020.08.24.20179457.
34. Gupta V, Bhoyar RC, Jain A, Srivastava S, Upadhayay R, Imran M, et al. Asymptomatic Reinfection in 2 Healthcare Workers From India With Genetically Distinct Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;1–8.
35. Radhakrishnan V, Gangopadhyay D. Repeat-positive SARS-CoV-2 in a child with cancer. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. John Wiley and Sons Inc; 2020.
36. Lago LP, Suárez González J, Serrano SJ, García González N, Candelas FG, Laperche CM, et al. A complete analysis of the epidemiological scenario around a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: previous infection events and subsequent transmission. Res Sq. 2020;
37. Mulder M, van der Vegt DSJM, Oude Munnink BB, GeurtsvanKessel CH, van de Bovenkamp J, Sikkema RS, et al. Reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised patient: a case report. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Oct 9;
38. Shastri J, Parikh S, Agarwal S, Chatterjee N, Pathak M, Sharma C, et al. Whole Genome Sequencing Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections Among Healthcare Workers in India with Increased Severity in the Second Episode. SSRN Electron J. 2020 Sep 22;
39. Hoang VT, Dao TL, Gautret P. Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 in patients recovered from COVID-19. Vol. 92, Journal of Medical Virology. John Wiley and Sons Inc.; 2020. p. 2366–7.
40. Zhou W, Xu X, Chang Z, Wang H, Zhong X, Tong X, et al. The dynamic changes of serum IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020 Jul 24;jmv.26353.
41. Iwasaki A. What reinfections mean for COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Oct;0(0).
42. Dearlove B, Lewitus E, Bai H, Li Y, Reeves DB, Joyce MG, et al. A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate would likely match all currently circulating variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Sep 22;117(38):23652–62.
43. Lee WS, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, DeKosky BJ. Antibody-dependent enhancement and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies. Nat Microbiol. 2020 Oct 1;5(10):1185–91.
Publicado
2020-12-20
Cómo citar
1.
Serrano-Arévalo K, Simancas-Racines D, Guerra V, Montesinos-Guevara C. Reinfección por SARS-CoV-2, ¿Qué conocemos hasta el momento?. PFR [Internet]. 20 de diciembre de 2020 [citado 26 de diciembre de 2024];5(3). Disponible en: https://practicafamiliarrural.org/index.php/pfr/article/view/180
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