Obesity in children: a problem in public health. Bibliographic review
Abstract
Introduction: childhood obesity represents one of the main public health problems, not only in developed countries, but also occurs in developing countries. The WHO in 2017 reports that from 1975 to 2016, the prevalence of obesity in children increased by 14%. The factors that predispose to the development of this condition are sedentary lifestyle and bad eating habits.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of obesity worldwide and in the Ecuadorian population and to determine the main long-term complications, focused on the Ecuadorian population.
Materials and methods: 26 bibliographic sources from journals with an impact factor greater than 1 were used to ensure the veracity of their arguments, 70% of the sources used are from the last 6 years. In addition, longitudinal studies from the United States National Institute of Health and national data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey and data from an ongoing study from the National Institute for Public Health Research in the city of Guayaquil were used.
Results: The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically in the last 30 years, and depends on several factors, sedentary lifestyle and eating behaviors continue to lead, but it has been determined that the first 1000 days, from conception to two years, can play a very important factor in the development of obesity, as well as the presence of endocrine disorders, and chromosomal abnormalities.
Conclusion: Obesity in children has become a high-impact health problem, associated comorbidities have transformed into adult diseases, into pathologies also present in childhood, and the risk of sudden death has increased notably in children and adolescents.
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References
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