Distribution of malignant neoplasms of digestive organs in Ecuador in 2020-2022
Keywords:
digestive system neoplasms, gastrointestinal neoplasms, temporal distribution, indicators of morbidity and mortality, (MeSH terms)
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant neoplasms of the digestive organs represent a worldwide public health challenge. In Ecuador, there is an evident lack of recent studies providing data on the distribution of these neoplasms in the population. Objective: This research aims to analyze the distribution of hospital cases and total deaths related to malignant neoplasms of the digestive organs (ICD-10: C15-C26) during Ecuador's pandemic years (2020-2022). Methods: An ecological study was conducted using the hospital discharge database of the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Ecuador (INEC). Annual databases were merged to overcome the problem of extratemporal records, and data extraction was based on patients' admission dates. Statistical analysis was carried out using RStudio software. Variables included were sex, age, and cancer type. Results: An annual average of 11,537 hospital cases and 4,528 related deaths were recorded. The age group 60-69 years accounted for 29% of hospital discharges, and the age group 70-79 years for 27% of deaths. The highest morbidity and mortality rates were observed in the Sierra and coastal provinces. Conclusions: The results show a distribution of malignant neoplasms of the digestive organs that varies by sex, age, and region in Ecuador. These results underline the importance of implementing specific prevention and awareness measures targeted at the most affected areas and groups.
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References
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29. Montero-Oleas N, Núñez-González S, Simancas-Racines D. The remarkable geographical pattern of gastric cancer mortality in Ecuador. Cancer Epidemiol. 2017 Dec 1;51:92–7.
30. McDaniel JT, Nuhu K, Ruiz J, Alorbi G. Social determinants of cancer incidence and mortality around the world: an ecological study. Glob Health Promot. 2019 Mar 16;26(1):41–9.
31. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, Znaor A, et al. Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview. Int J Cancer. 2021 Aug 15;149(4):778–89.
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39. Hnatyszyn A, Hryhorowicz S, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Lis E, Słomski R, Scott RJ, et al. Colorectal carcinoma in the course of inflammatory bowel diseases. Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2019 Dec 12;17(1):18.
40. de Martel C, Georges D, Bray F, Ferlay J, Clifford GM. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020 Feb;8(2):e180–90.
41. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. The Lancet. 2008 Feb;371(9612):569–78.
42. Bouvard V, Loomis D, Guyton KZ, Grosse Y, Ghissassi F El, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, et al. Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Dec;16(16):1599–600. Vieira AR, Abar L, Chan DSM, Vingeliene S, Polemiti E, Stevens C, et al. Foods and beverages and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, an update of the evidence of the WCRF-AICR Continuous Update Project. Annals of Oncology. 2017 Aug;28(8):1788–802.
43. Fedirko V, Tramacere I, Bagnardi V, Rota M, Scotti L, Islami F, et al. Alcohol drinking and colorectal cancer risk: an overall and dose–response meta-analysis of published studies. Annals of Oncology. 2011 Sep;22(9):1958–72.
44. Deng Y, Wang L, Huang J, Ding H, Wong MCS. Associations between potential causal factors and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of Mendelian randomization studies. J Dig Dis. 2022 Aug 20;23(8–9):435–45.
45. Botteri E, Iodice S, Bagnardi V, Raimondi S, Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P. Smoking and Colorectal Cancer. JAMA. 2008 Dec 17;300(23):2765.
46. López-Abente G, Aragonés N, Pérez-Gómez B, Pollán M, García-Pérez J, Ramis R, et al. Time trends in municipal distribution patterns of cancer mortality in Spain. BMC Cancer. 2014 Dec 24;14(1):535.
47. Amaral A, Rodrigues V, Oliveira J, Pinto C, Carneiro V, Sanbento R, et al. Chronic exposure to volcanic environments and cancer incidence in the Azores, Portugal. Science of The Total Environment. 2006 Aug 15;367(1):123–8.
2. Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, et al. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(4):524. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5688
3. López MJ, Carbajal J, Alfaro AL, et al. Characteristics of gastric cancer around the world. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2023;181:103841. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103841
4. Xie YH, Chen YX, Fang JY. Comprehensive review of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5(1):22. doi:10.1038/s41392-020-0116-z
5. Hu JX, Zhao CF, Chen WB, et al. Pancreatic cancer: A review of epidemiology, trend, and risk factors. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(27):4298–4321. doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i27.4298
6. Ministerio de Sanidad España. Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades - 10.a Revisión, Modificación Clínica. 4a ed. (Secretaría General de Salud Digital I e I del SN de S, Sanitaria SG de I, eds.).; 2022. https://eciemaps.mscbs.gob.es/ecieMaps/browser/metabuscador.html
7. Krawczyk P, Święcicki Ł. ICD-11 vs. ICD-10 – a review of updates and novelties introduced in the latest version of the WHO International Classification of Diseases. Psychiatr Pol. 2020;54(1):7–20. doi:10.12740/PP/103876
8. Milas J, Samardzić S, Miskulin M, Mihaljević S, Males J, Puntarić D. Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs (C15-C26) in the Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. Coll Antropol. 2014;38(1):85–103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24851601
9. Machlowska J, Baj J, Sitarz M, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(11):4012. doi:10.3390/ijms21114012
10. Shah D, Bentrem D. Environmental and genetic risk factors for gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2022;125(7):1096–1103. doi:10.1002/jso.26869
11. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi:10.3322/caac.21660
12. Zhao Y, Zhan J, Wang Y, Wang D. The Relationship Between Plant-Based Diet and Risk of Digestive System Cancers: A Meta-Analysis Based on 3,059,009 Subjects. Front Public Heal. 2022;10. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.892153
13. Vineis P, Wild CP. Global cancer patterns: causes and prevention. Lancet. 2014;383(9916):549–557. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62224-2
14. Real-Cotto J, Jarmillo-Feijoo LE, Tanca-Campozano JP, Puga-Peña GR, Pacheco-Villa LC, Real-Roby RA. Cáncer de Organos Digestivos : Comportamiento Epidemiológico en Pacientes del Hospital Solca Guayaquil . Período 2016-2022. J Heal med sci. 2023;9(2):71–76.
15. Mora Quishpe, P.Á. Impacto de la edad en la sobrevida de pacientes con adenocarcinoma gástrico atendidos en el periodo 2003-2013 en el Hospital Oncológico SolcaQuito. Master’s Thesis. Quito: UCE, 2019.
16. Real-Cotto, J.J.; Jaramillo-Feijoo, L.E.; Tanca-Campozano, J.P.; Puga-Peña, G.R.; Pacheco-Vila, L.C.; Real-Roby, R.A. Mortalidad del Cáncer de Estómago en Guayaquil, según tendencias históricas. J Heal med sci.. 2023 8(1):51-55.
17. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC). Registro Estadístico de Camas y Egresos Hospitalarios. [Internet]. [citado 10 de noviembre de 2023]. Disponible en: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/camas-y-egresos-hospitalarios/
18. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC). Defunciones generales. [Internet]. [citado 10 de noviembre de 2023]. Disponible en: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/defunciones-generales/
19. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC). Proyecciones poblacionales Ecuador 2010-2050. [citado 12 de mayo de 2023]; Disponible en: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/proyecciones-poblacionales/
20. Cai M, Dai S, Chen W, Xia C, Lu L, Dai S, et al. Environmental factors, seven GWAS‐identified susceptibility loci, and risk of gastric cancer and its precursors in a Chinese population. Cancer Med. 2017 Mar 21;6(3):708–20.
21. Lu L, Mullins CS, Schafmayer C, Zeißig S, Linnebacher M. A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle‐associated risk factors. Cancer Commun. 2021 Nov 25;41(11):1137–51.
22. Fidler MM, Soerjomataram I, Bray F. A global view on cancer incidence and national levels of the human development index. Int J Cancer. 2016 Dec 30;139(11):2436–46.
23. Bagnardi V, Rota M, Botteri E, Tramacere I, Islami F, Fedirko V, et al. Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose–response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2015 Feb 25;112(3):580–93.
24. Scherübl H. Alcohol Use and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk. Visc Med. 2020;36(3):175–81.
25. Gausman V, Dornblaser D, Anand S, Hayes RB, O’Connell K, Du M, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2020 Nov;18(12):2752-2759.e2.
26. Pang Q, Qu K, Zhang J, Xu X, Liu S, Song S, et al. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of mortality from liver cancer: A clinical‐based cohort and meta‐analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Oct 11;30(10):1450–60.
27. Torres J, Correa P, Ferreccio C, Hernandez-Suarez G, Herrero R, Cavazza-Porro M, et al. Gastric cancer incidence and mortality is associated with altitude in the mountainous regions of Pacific Latin America. Cancer Causes & Control. 2013 Feb 7;24(2):249–56.
28. Yang I, Woltemate S, Piazuelo MB, Bravo LE, Yepez MC, Romero-Gallo J, et al. Different gastric microbiota compositions in two human populations with high and low gastric cancer risk in Colombia. Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 5;6(1):18594.
29. Montero-Oleas N, Núñez-González S, Simancas-Racines D. The remarkable geographical pattern of gastric cancer mortality in Ecuador. Cancer Epidemiol. 2017 Dec 1;51:92–7.
30. McDaniel JT, Nuhu K, Ruiz J, Alorbi G. Social determinants of cancer incidence and mortality around the world: an ecological study. Glob Health Promot. 2019 Mar 16;26(1):41–9.
31. Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, Znaor A, et al. Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview. Int J Cancer. 2021 Aug 15;149(4):778–89.
32. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2023. 2023.
33. Roesch-Dietlen F, Jiménez-García VA, Remes-Troche JM, Rubio-Arce JF, López-Salinas A, Ruiz-Juárez I, et al. Comportamiento epidemiológico de las neoplasias malignas del tracto digestivo en un periodo de 5 años en Veracruz, México. Rev Gastroenterol Mex [Internet]. 2012;77(1):3–8. Available from: http://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/es-comportamiento-epidemiologico-neoplasias-malignas-del-articulo-X0375090612226785
34. Neri-Jiménez U. Neoplasias malignas del aparato digestivo en población derechohabiente del IMSS No. 11, Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas. Rev Gastroenterol Mex [Internet]. 2012;77(1):197–202. Available from: http://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/es-neoplasias-malignas-del-aparato-digestivo-articulo-X0375090608497827
35. Arnold M, Abnet CC, Neale RE, Vignat J, Giovannucci EL, McGlynn KA, et al. Global Burden of 5 Major Types of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Gastroenterology. 2020 Jul;159(1):335-349.e15.
36. Hooi JKY, Lai WY, Ng WK, Suen MMY, Underwood FE, Tanyingoh D, et al. Global Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology. 2017 Aug;153(2):420–9.
37. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, et al. Observatorio Mundial del Cáncer: El cáncer hoy. Lyon, Francia: Agencia Internacional para la Investigación del Cáncer; 2018.
38. Roesch-Dietlen F, Ortuño-García KJ, González-Santés M, Grube-Pagola P, Remes-Troche JM, Díaz-Roesch F, et al. Cáncer del aparato digestivo en Veracruz. La magnitud del problema al año 2025. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2020 Apr 1;85(2):145–50.
39. Hnatyszyn A, Hryhorowicz S, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Lis E, Słomski R, Scott RJ, et al. Colorectal carcinoma in the course of inflammatory bowel diseases. Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2019 Dec 12;17(1):18.
40. de Martel C, Georges D, Bray F, Ferlay J, Clifford GM. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020 Feb;8(2):e180–90.
41. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. The Lancet. 2008 Feb;371(9612):569–78.
42. Bouvard V, Loomis D, Guyton KZ, Grosse Y, Ghissassi F El, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, et al. Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Dec;16(16):1599–600. Vieira AR, Abar L, Chan DSM, Vingeliene S, Polemiti E, Stevens C, et al. Foods and beverages and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, an update of the evidence of the WCRF-AICR Continuous Update Project. Annals of Oncology. 2017 Aug;28(8):1788–802.
43. Fedirko V, Tramacere I, Bagnardi V, Rota M, Scotti L, Islami F, et al. Alcohol drinking and colorectal cancer risk: an overall and dose–response meta-analysis of published studies. Annals of Oncology. 2011 Sep;22(9):1958–72.
44. Deng Y, Wang L, Huang J, Ding H, Wong MCS. Associations between potential causal factors and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of Mendelian randomization studies. J Dig Dis. 2022 Aug 20;23(8–9):435–45.
45. Botteri E, Iodice S, Bagnardi V, Raimondi S, Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P. Smoking and Colorectal Cancer. JAMA. 2008 Dec 17;300(23):2765.
46. López-Abente G, Aragonés N, Pérez-Gómez B, Pollán M, García-Pérez J, Ramis R, et al. Time trends in municipal distribution patterns of cancer mortality in Spain. BMC Cancer. 2014 Dec 24;14(1):535.
47. Amaral A, Rodrigues V, Oliveira J, Pinto C, Carneiro V, Sanbento R, et al. Chronic exposure to volcanic environments and cancer incidence in the Azores, Portugal. Science of The Total Environment. 2006 Aug 15;367(1):123–8.
Published
2023-11-29
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1.
Quentin E, Lalangui K, Parise-Vasco JM, Reytor C, Simancas-Racines D. Distribution of malignant neoplasms of digestive organs in Ecuador in 2020-2022. PFR [Internet]. 2023Nov.29 [cited 2024Sep.8];8(3). Available from: https://practicafamiliarrural.org/index.php/pfr/article/view/293
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