Distribution of malignant neoplasms of digestive organs in Ecuador in 2020-2022
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant neoplasms of the digestive organs represent a worldwide public health challenge. In Ecuador, there is an evident lack of recent studies providing data on the distribution of these neoplasms in the population. Objective: This research aims to analyze the distribution of hospital cases and total deaths related to malignant neoplasms of the digestive organs (ICD-10: C15-C26) during Ecuador's pandemic years (2020-2022). Methods: An ecological study was conducted using the hospital discharge database of the National Institute of Statistics and Census of Ecuador (INEC). Annual databases were merged to overcome the problem of extratemporal records, and data extraction was based on patients' admission dates. Statistical analysis was carried out using RStudio software. Variables included were sex, age, and cancer type. Results: An annual average of 11,537 hospital cases and 4,528 related deaths were recorded. The age group 60-69 years accounted for 29% of hospital discharges, and the age group 70-79 years for 27% of deaths. The highest morbidity and mortality rates were observed in the Sierra and coastal provinces. Conclusions: The results show a distribution of malignant neoplasms of the digestive organs that varies by sex, age, and region in Ecuador. These results underline the importance of implementing specific prevention and awareness measures targeted at the most affected areas and groups.
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