Perspectiva de género en el abordaje de cambio climático y salud
Palabras clave:
cambio climático, género, salud pública, vulnerabilidad en salud, salud global.
Resumen
La intensidad y devastación de los eventos climáticos del Siglo XXI incrementan la vulnerabilidad de personas con problemáticas sociohistóricas preestablecidas. Los impactos de cambio climático en salud no son lineales, se producen de forma diferenciada y desproporcionada según los condicionamientos propios y las particularidades de algunos grupos sociales. El objetivo de esta revisión es comprender los procesos ecosociales derivados del cambio climático que impactan en la salud y bienestar de mujeres y niñas. Para ello, se desarrolló una revisión comprensiva que abarca artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años de bases de datos Scopus, Medline/PubMed y LILACS. La revisión permitió identificar dimensiones sociales y biológicas que reproducen dinámicas de vulnerabilidad en salud diferenciadas en mujeres y niñas expuestas a crisis climáticas; asimismo, se establecen múltiples interseccionalidades que exacerban estos condicionamientos. En base a los resultados, se proponen lineamientos de política pública con perspectiva de género para el diseño de sistemas de salud resilientes y estrategias de mitigación.
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Citas
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5. Romanello M, Walawender M, Hsu SC, Moskeland A, Palmeiro-Silva Y, Scamman D, et al. The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action. Lancet. 9 de noviembre de 2024;404(10465):1847–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01822-1
6. Marcus H, Hanna L, Tait P, Stone S, Wannous C. Climate Change and the Public Health Imperative for Supporting Migration as Adaptation. Journal of Migration and Health [Internet]. 2023;7. Disponible en: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85150246409&doi=10.1016%2fj.jmh.2023.100174&partnerID=40&md5=927999839f334d8c1fda05e19fab89b0
7. Atwoli L, Baqui AH, Benfield T, Bosurgi R, Godlee F, Hancocks S, et al. Call for Emergency Action to Limit Global Temperature Increases, Restore Biodiversity, and Protect Health. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;385(12):1134–7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2113200
8. Medicine TLR. Climate change crisis goes critical. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 1 de marzo de 2023;11(3):213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00056-5
9. Shultz JM, Sands DE, Kossin JP, Galea S. Double Environmental Injustice-Climate Change, Hurricane Dorian, and The Bahamas. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(1):1–3. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1912965
10. Rocque RJ, Beaudoin C, Ndjaboue R, Cameron L, Poirier-Bergeron L, Poulin-Rheault RA, et al. Health Effects of Climate Change: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. BMJ Open. 1 de junio de 2021;11(6):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2020-046333
11. Burton C, Lampe S, Kelley DI, Thiery W, Hantson S, Christidis N, et al. Global burned area increasingly explained by climate change. Nat Clim Chang. noviembre de 2024;14(11):1186–92. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02140-w
12. Chen G, Guo Y, Yue X, Tong S, Gasparrini A, Bell ML, et al. Mortality Risk Attributable to Wildfire-related PM2·5 Pollution: A Global Time Series Study in 749 Locations. Lancet Planet Health. septiembre de 2021;5(9):e579–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00200-X
13. Guerra Velázquez GR. Hurricane María and Public Health in Puerto Rico: Lessons Learned to Increase Resiliency and Prepare for Future Disasters. Annals of Global Health. 2022;88(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3869
14. Parsons ES, Jowell A, Veidis E, Barry M, Israni ST. Climate change and inequality. Pediatr Res [Internet]. junio de 2024; Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41390-024-03153-z
15. Sorensen C, Murray V, Lemery J, Balbus J. Climate Change and Women’s Health: Impacts and Policy Directions. PLOS Medicine. 10 de julio de 2018;15(7):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002603
16. Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas. Estudio analítico sobre una acción climática que responda a las cuestiones de género para el disfrute pleno y efectivo de los derechos de la mujer ONU [Internet]. 2025. Disponible en https://www.ohchr.org/es/climate-change/reports-human-rights-and-climate-change
17. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Género y salud [Internet]. 2023 [citado 30 de abril de 2025]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/gender
18. Betancourt O, Mertens F, Parra M, editores. Enfoques ecosistémicos en salud y ambiente. 1era. edición. Quito, Ecuador: Ediciones Abya Yala; 2016. 295 p.
19. United Nations Environment Programme. We are all in this Together - Annual Report 2024. febrero de 2025; Disponible en: https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/47082
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2025-07-31
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1.
Izurieta-Guevara M. Perspectiva de género en el abordaje de cambio climático y salud . PFR [Internet]. 31 de julio de 2025 [citado 9 de agosto de 2025];10(2). Disponible en: https://practicafamiliarrural.org/index.php/pfr/article/view/361
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