Malignant melanoma: frequency and distribution in a reference hospital of social security
Keywords:
malignant melanoma, phototype, skin cancer
Abstract
Objective: To describe the frequency, magnitude, and treatment of the various types of melanoma diagnosed at the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialty Hospital (HECAM) in the city of Quito.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients who attended the Melanoma Clinic of the HECAM Dermatology Service was carried out during the years 2013 to 2018. All patients with diagnostic histopathology of any type of malignant melanoma and who they had treatment and follow-up. Patients were classified according to the clinical and pathological staging after the biopsy and data on their treatment and prognosis were obtained.
Results: Over a period of approximately five years, data were obtained from 77 subjects diagnosed with malignant melanoma, there were no differences in presentation by sex (men 49.3% vs. women 50.7%), and age (men 68, 5 years compared to women 65.7 years). The most frequent type of malignant melanoma in women was malignant melanoma of superficial extension (58.9%) and in men invasive melanoma (42.1%), the most frequent treatment was excision and direct closure in less severe cases. , whereas in severe staging it was excision followed by grafting.
Conclusions: Malignant melanoma is a type of cancer that affects both men and women in our environment, however, in Ecuador it seems to manifest itself more severely in men. The clinical characteristics of this type of pathology delay diagnosis, so it is necessary to educate the population for the early detection of lesions suspected of malignant melanoma.
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29. Bauer J, Garbe C. Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data. Pigment cell Res. 2003 Jun;16(3):297–306.
30. Buettner PG, Leiter U, Eigentler TK, Garbe C. Development of prognostic factors and survival in cutaneous melanoma over 25 years: An analysis of the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society. Cancer. 2005 Feb;103(3):616–24.
31. Breslow A. Tumor thickness, level of invasion and node dissection in stage I cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg. 1975 Nov;182(5):572–5.
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33. Schadendorf D, van Akkooi ACJ, Berking C, Griewank KG, Gutzmer R, Hauschild A, et al. Melanoma. Lancet (London, England). 2018 Sep;392(10151):971–84.
34. Kaufman, H. L., & Mehnert JM. Melanoma. Cancer Treatment and Research. Rosen ST, editor. New York City: Springer; 2016. 167–169 p.
2. Ali Z, Yousaf N, Larkin J. Melanoma epidemiology, biology and prognosis. EJC Suppl EJC Off J EORTC, Eur Organ Res Treat Cancer . [et al] [Internet]. 2013 Sep;11(2):81–91. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26217116
3. World Healt organization. International Agency for Research on Cancer OMS Ecuador Globocan 2018. Http://GcoIarcFr/Today. 2019;322:2.
4. Prado G, Svoboda RM, Rigel DS. What’s New in Melanoma. Dermatol Clin [Internet]. 2019/02/14. 2019 Apr;37(2):159–68. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30850038
5. Cueva P, Yépez J. Epidemiología del cáncer en Quito 2006-2010. Regist Nac tumores SOLCA. 2014;15.
6. Coello AS, Bowen MS. Caracterización del cáncer de piel melanoma y no melanoma en el servicio de Dermatología de los Hospitales Quito N°1 y Carlos Andrade Marín en el período comprendido entre abril 2011 a abril 2016. 2016.
7. Núñez-González , S., Bedoya, E., Simancas-Racines, D., Gault C. Spatial clusters In, and temporal trends of malignant melanoma mortality in Ecuador. SAGE Open Med Press. 2020;
8. Ribero S, Glass D, Bataille V. Genetic epidemiology of melanoma. Eur J Dermatol [Internet]. 2016 Aug 1;26(4):335–9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27436815
9. Villalobos León ML, Molina Villaverde R, López González JL, Álvarez-Mon Soto M. Melanoma. Med. 2013;11(26):1597–607.
10. Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Chen SC, Swetter SM, Sub-Committee MPWG-PSL. Screening and prevention measures for melanoma: is there a survival advantage? Curr Oncol Rep [Internet]. 2012 Oct;14(5):458–67. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22907282
11. Dummer R, Siano M, Hunger RE, Lindenblatt N, Braun R, Michielin O, et al. The updated Swiss guidelines 2016 for the treatment and follow-up of cutaneous melanoma. Swiss Med Wkly [Internet]. 2016 Feb 22;146:w14279–w14279. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26901103
12. Sladden MJ, Nieweg OE, Howle J, Coventry BJ, Thompson JF. Updated evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of melanoma: definitive excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma. Med J Aust [Internet]. 2018 Feb 19;208(3):137–42. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29438650
13. Garbe C, Peris K, Hauschild A, Saiag P, Middleton M, Bastholt L, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline - Update 2016. Eur J Cancer [Internet]. 2016/06/29. 2016 Aug;63:201–17. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27367293
14. Glazer AM, Rigel DS, Winkelmann RR, Farberg AS. Clinical Diagnosis of Skin Cancer: Enhancing Inspection and Early Recognition. Dermatol Clin [Internet]. 2017;35(4):409–16. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2017.06.001
15. Jensen JD, Elewski BE. The ABCDEF Rule: Combining the “ABCDE Rule” and the “Ugly Duckling Sign” in an effort to improve patient self-screening examinations. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015;8(2):15.
16. Amin, M.B., Edge, S., Greene, F., Byrd, D.R., Brookland, R.K., Washington, M.K., Gershenwald, J.E., Compton, C.C., Hess, K.R., Sullivan, D.C., Jessup, J.M., Brierley, J.D., Gaspar, L.E., Schilsky, R.L., Balch, C.M., Winchester, D.P., Asare, E.A., Madera, LR. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Eighth Edi. Chicago: Springer International Publishing; 2017.
17. Coit DG, Thompson JA, Albertini MR, Barker C, Carson WE, Contreras C, et al. Cutaneous Melanoma, Version 2.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2019;17(4):367–402.
18. acKie RM, Hauschild A, Eggermont AMM. Epidemiology of invasive cutaneous melanoma. Ann Oncol. 2009;20(suppl_6):vi1–7.
19. Rastrelli M, Tropea S, Rossi CR, Alaibac M. Melanoma: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and classification. In Vivo. 2014;28(6):1005–11.
20. Rigel DS. Epidemiology of melanoma. , 29, 4. 2010;29(4):204–9.
21. Ferlay J, Steliarova-Foucher E, Lortet-Tieulent J, Rosso S, Coebergh JWW, Comber H, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Cancer [Internet]. 2013;49(6):1374–403. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2012.12.027
22. Garbe C, Leiter U. Melanoma epidemiology and trends. Clin Dermatol [Internet]. 2009;27(1):3–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.09.001
23. Elisa Z, Reina A, González MR, Janet D, Reinante V, Corrales Y. Caracterización histopatológica del melanoma maligno cutáneo . Provincia de Cienfuegos . 2009-2011 Histo- pathological Characterization of malignant cutaneous melanoma . Cienfuegos Province . 2009-2011. 2018;6–9.
24. Carr S, Smith C, Wernberg J. Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Melanoma. Surg Clin North Am [Internet]. 2020 Feb;100(1):1—12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2019.09.005
25. Tsao H, Niendorf K. Genetic testing in hereditary melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51(5):803–8.
26. Gaudy-Marqueste C, Monestier S, Grob J-J. Melanoma. EMC-Dermatología. 2015;49(2):1–20.
27. Gandini S, Sera F, Cattaruzza MS, Pasquini P, Zanetti R, Masini C, et al. Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: III. Family history, actinic damage and phenotypic factors. Eur J Cancer. 2005 Sep;41(14):2040–59.
28. Rouhani P, Hu S, Kirsner RS. Melanoma in Hispanic and black Americans. Cancer Control. 2008 Jul;15(3):248–53.
29. Bauer J, Garbe C. Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data. Pigment cell Res. 2003 Jun;16(3):297–306.
30. Buettner PG, Leiter U, Eigentler TK, Garbe C. Development of prognostic factors and survival in cutaneous melanoma over 25 years: An analysis of the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society. Cancer. 2005 Feb;103(3):616–24.
31. Breslow A. Tumor thickness, level of invasion and node dissection in stage I cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg. 1975 Nov;182(5):572–5.
32. Joyce D, Skitzki JJ. Surgical Management of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma. Surg Clin [Internet]. 2020 Feb 1;100(1):61–70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2019.09.001
33. Schadendorf D, van Akkooi ACJ, Berking C, Griewank KG, Gutzmer R, Hauschild A, et al. Melanoma. Lancet (London, England). 2018 Sep;392(10151):971–84.
34. Kaufman, H. L., & Mehnert JM. Melanoma. Cancer Treatment and Research. Rosen ST, editor. New York City: Springer; 2016. 167–169 p.
Published
2020-03-28
How to Cite
1.
Ureña-Lopez V, Mendez-Flores K, Lafuente-Cevallos L, Flores-Figueroa C, Erazo-Beltran G, Freire-Murgueytio P, Paredes-Viteri M, Simancas-Racines D, Pérez-Tasigchana R. Malignant melanoma: frequency and distribution in a reference hospital of social security. PFR [Internet]. 2020Mar.28 [cited 2025Apr.16];5(1). Available from: https://practicafamiliarrural.org/index.php/pfr/article/view/150
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