Heart failure

Abstract

Cardiac failure (CF) is a syndrome characterized by dyspnea, fatigue, and frequently with signs of hypervolaemia. High blood pressure, and diabetes, together with rheumatic heart disease contribute to its growing prevalence in Ecuador. The classification of the American Heart Association (AHA) allows a more proactive therapeutic strategy than the old NYHA classification. The five causes of FC are different from the triggers. Echocardiography is the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis when it is available. The pharmacological treatment with Angiotensin Converter Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Beta blockers, and Diuretics is aimed at the neuro-hormonal pathophysiology of the disease. New drugs that show benefit in certain patients include angiotensin receptor antagonists / inhibitor of Neprilysin and modulators of the sinus node. Other drugs such as Digoxin, Spironolactone, and Isosorbide Dinitrate / Hydralazine are indicated in certain patients.